Institute of India
Research Report • 2023

Coals Long Shadow

Why coal consumption will peak later and higher than net-zero trajectories suggest.

Specific Question Answered: How do we bridge the gap between capacity (GW) and generation (GWh)?

1. Primary Data and Key Figure

Analyzing the core metric reveals a different reality from the prevailing narrative. The most critical number to understand here is 275 GW (Projected peak coal capacity needed by 2030).

Key Finding

Despite rapid renewable capacity addition, base-load requirements and grid inertia mean absolute coal tonnage burned will continue to rise until at least 2035.

2. Data Analysis

We avoid smoothing curves where structural breaks exist. Utilizing data from our Data Hub, we reconstructed the index series.

Table 1: Key Metrics Comparison
Metric Value
Renewable Capacity Share42%
Renewable Generation Share22%

3. FAQ

What about battery storage?
Pumped hydro and battery storage currently represent less than 2% of required daily balancing capacity.

4. Next Steps

The data suggests that current interventions are misaligned with the scale of the challenge. Explore our Interactive Tools to model alternative scenarios.